To title page of Tertiary Marine Pelecypods of California and Baja California
[Please cite as follows: Moore, E.J., 2003, Family Psammobiidae, in Tertiary marine pelecypods of California and Baja California, Chapter G: http://www.cmug.com/~chintimp/Psammobiidae.htm, 11 p., 2 pl.]
FAMILY PSAMMOBIIDAE
Genus Gari Schumacher, 1817
“Predominantly a tropical genus, Gari s.s.***is absent from the northeastern Pacific.” (Coan, Scott, and Bernard, 2000, p. 424)
Subgenus Gobraeus T. Brown, 1844
“Shell smooth, or with commarginal growth lirae, relatively heavy; posterior end sometimes with a few radial striae. Right valve with two nearly equal cardinal teeth, posterior cardinal of right valve bifid. Pallial sinus large, partly confluent with pallial line.” (Coan, Scott, and Bernard, 2000, p. 426)
Gari (Gobraeus) cylindrica (Dickerson), pl. 9, fig. 1 Plate 9; Plate 9 captions
Psammobia(?) cylindrica Dickerson, 1914, p. 139, pl. 12, figs. 2a, 2b.
Original description.—“Shell moderately long, thick, convex; beak located a fifth of distance from anterior end, prosogyrate, approximate; nymph narrow, cylindrical, elongate; posterior dorsal margin straight and nearly parallel with the nearly straight ventral margin; anterior dorsal margin slightly concave under beak, with moderate slope to a narrowly rounded anterior end; posterior end almost straight. A rounded umbonal slope extends from the beak to the angle which the posterior end makes with the ventral margin. Shell ornamented by concentric lines of growth.”
Syntypes.—UCMP 11677, 11678.
Type locality.—UC 780. Near Lower Lake Village, Lake County, Calif.
Geographic range.—Northern California.
Geologic range.—Paleocene.
Occurrence in California.—Paleocene: Martinez Formation (Dickerson, 1914).
Gari (Gobraeus) hornii hornii (Gabb), pl. 9, fig. 2 Plate 9; Plate 9 captions
Tellina hornii Gabb, 1864, p. 160-161, 231, pl. 30, fig. 244. Arnold, 1909, p. 106, pl. 2, fig. 9. Weaver, 1912, p. 15.
Psammobia hornii (Gabb). Dall, 1900, p. 976. Dickerson, 1914, pl. 11, fig. 10. Waring, 1917, p. 120, pl. 14, fig. 7. Anderson and GD. Hanna, 1925, p. 151, pl. 3, fig. 6; pl. 9, fig. 16. M.A. Hanna, 1927, p. 293.
Psammobia (Gobraeus) hornii (Gabb). Dall, 1898, p. 60.
Gari hornii (Gabb). Stewart, 1930, p. 282-283, pl. 12, fig. 2. Weaver, 1942, p. 218, pl. 50, fig. 13, pl. 51, fig. 3.
Original description.—“Shell long, narrow, subequilateral; beaks small, subcentral; cardinal margins sloping slightly towards the ends; anterior extremity regular, slightly broader than the posterior, which is a little more prominent below than above; basal margin nearly straight. Surface marked only by faint lines of growth.”
Lectotype.—ANSP 4453 (Stewart, 1930, p. 282).
Type locality.—Near Fort Tejon, Kern County, Calif.
Supplementary description.—The shell is quite thick and considerably inflated for this group. The growth lines are conspicuous and other smaller specimens have widely spaced concentric laminae most marked on the posterior region.” (Stewart, 1930, p. 282-283)
Geographic range.—Washington and southern California.
Geologic range.—Eocene.
Occurrence in California.—Eocene: Matilija Formation (Givens, 1974), Rose Canyon Shale (M.A. Hanna, 1927), and Tejon Formation (Stewart, 1930).
Gari (Gobraeus) hornii umpquaensis Turner, pl. 9, fig. 3 Plate 9; Plate 9 captions
Gari hornii (Gabb) subsp. umpquaensis Turner, 1938, p. 62, pl. 7, fig. 11.
Gari hornii (Gabb) umpquaensis Turner. Vokes, 1939, p. 93, pl. 14, fig. 17.
Original description.—“Shell medium size, elongate, almost equilateral; beaks slightly elevated and slightly inflated; small rostrum posterior to the beak; profile of anterior and posterior dorsal margins slightly concave; ventral margin practically straight, swinging upward more abruptly at the posterior end than at the anterior; sculptured only by concentric growth lines. Internal casts show traces of radial markings. Hinge not known.”
Holotype.—UCMP 33149.
Type locality.—UC A-662.
Supplementary description.—“Several poorly preserved specimens***are similar in outline but do not appear to be as greatly inflated as the Oregon specimens.” (Vokes, 1939, p. 93)
Comparison.—“Distinguished from Psammobia columbiana Weaver & Palmer and from G. hornii (Gabb) by its greater inflation and higher beak with concave profile on either side.” (Turner, 1938, p. 62)
Geographic range.—Oregon to middle California.
Geologic range.—Paleocene to Eocene.
Occurrence in California.—Paleocene: Lodo Formation (Vokes, 1939).
Gari (Gobraeus) columbiana (Weaver and Palmer), pl. 9, fig. 4 Plate 9; Plate 9 captions
Psammobia columbiana Weaver and Palmer, 1922, p. 22, pl. 10, fig. 18.
Gari columbiana (Weaver and Palmer). Turner, 1938, p. 61, pl. 7, fig. 12. Vokes, 1939, p. 92, pl. 15, fig. 2. Weaver, 1943, p. 216, pl. 50, figs. 1, 3; pl. 51, fig. 12.
Original description.—“Shell large and oblong; inequilateral, the anterior end shorter; posterior end higher than the anterior; anterior and posterior dorsal lines straight and oblique, the anterior sloping at a greater angle; posterior and dorsal ends rounded below; ventral margin straight; surface of shell with coarse, concentric lines of growth. Dimensions.—Length 75 mm.; height 36 mm.; thickness 19 mm.”
Holotype.—CAS 7434.
Type locality.—UW 342. In banks of Coal Creek, Cowlitz County, Washington, about 1/4th mile above old Inman-Poulsen shops, sec. 2, T. 8 N., R. 3 W.
Comparison.—Gari columbiana has lower umbones and is more inequilateral than G. hornii. (Weaver, 1943, p. 216)
Geographic range.—Washington to middle California.
Geologic range.—Eocene.
Occurrence in California.—Eocene: Domengine Formation (Vokes, 1939)
Gari (Gobraeus) diegoensis (M.A. Hanna), pl. 9, fig. 5 Plate 9; Plate 9 captions
Psammobia diegoensis M.A. Hanna, 1927, p. 293, pl. 42, fig.32.
Original description.—“Shell fairly large; moderately inflated; beak not prominent; anterior end somewhat sharply rounded and much narrower than the posterior; posterior dorsal somewhat obliquely truncated to the broadly rounded cardinal margin; posterior more broadly rounded than the anterior; posterior part of shell somewhat flattened or flared as compared with the anterior; beak well anterior to the center of the shell; surface sculpturing not present; hinge with two prominent teeth, projecting well above the inner surface of the shell. Dimensions: Altitude 38 mm., length 72 mm.”
Holotype.—UCMP 31019.
Type locality.—UC 5069. La Jolla, San Diego County, Calif.
Comparison.—“Psammobia diegoensis n. sp. Most closely resembles Psammobia cowlitzensis Weaver and Palmer, but differs considerably in outline from that species. Neither the dorsal nor the ventral margins of the Cowlitz species is as broadly rounded. Also the posterior part of the shell is not as much expanded as in the new species. None of the other described species approximate Psammobia diegoensis n. sp. in outline.” (M.A. Hanna, 1927, p. 293)
Geographic range.—Southern California.
Geologic range.—Eocene.
Occurrence in California.—Eocene: Rose Canyon Shale (M.A. Hanna, 1927).
Gari (Gobraeus) texta Gabb, pl. 9, fig. 6 Plate 9; Plate 9 captions
?Gari texta Gabb, 1864, p. 155, 230, pl. 22, fig. 130.
“Gari” texta Gabb. Stewart, 1930, p. 283, pl. 7, fig. 12.
Gari texta Gabb. Vokes, 1939, p. 93, pl. 15, fig. 1.
Psammobia texta (Gabb). Anderson and Hanna, 1925, p. 152.
Original description.—“Shell equivalve, nearly equilateral, subcompressed about twice as long as wide; beaks broad, not prominent, a little in advance of the middle; anterior extremity narrowest, produced and regularly rounded, sloping below towards the basal margin, posterior extremity subtruncate obliquely backwards; basal margin most prominent posterior to the beaks; a broad, not well-defined ridge passes from the beaks to the posterior basal angle, behind which the surface is slightly concave. Surface marked by very small radiating and concentric lines, producing a woven appearance.”
Holotype.—ANSP 4471.
Type locality.—Near Martinez, Contra Costa County, Calif.
Supplementary description.—“The concentric lines are dominant, the radials are close set and more prominent in the interspaces.” (Stewart, 1930, p. 283)
“The strength of the radial ribbing varies considerably. On one specimen***they are dominant over the concentric ribbing.***On other specimens***the radials are almost entirely obsolete.” (Vokes, 1939, p. 93)
Geographic range.—Middle to southern California.
Geologic range.—Eocene.
Occurrence in California.—Domengine (Stewart, 1930) and Llajas (Keen and Bentson, 1944) Formations.
Gari (Gobraeus) eoundulata Vokes, pl. 9, fig. 7 Plate 9; Plate 9 captions
Gari eoundulata Vokes, 1939, p. 93-94, pl. 14, figs.23, 24.
Original description.—“Shell elongate-ovate; umbos broad, prominent, anterior; anterior dorsal margin convex, the anterior margin rounded, subtruncate, the ventral margin broadly and regularly rounded, the posterior margin truncate, straight, angulate medially; posterior dorsal margin straight; a broad umbonal groove extending to the ventral half of the posterior margin, bounded above by a well defined umbonal ridge to the posterior median angulation; a less well defined umbonal ridge extending to the middle of the anterior margin; surface marked by numerous irregular concentric undulations, most prominently developed on the ventral edge of the posterior groove, subobsolete in the posterior groove and on the posterior and anterior ridges.”
Holotype.—UCMP 15707.
Type locality.—UC loc. A-820. Cliff north of point where Domengine Creek crosses the Eocene outcrop, south half sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., Fresno County, Calif.
Comparison.—“This unique little species may be distinguished from all described West American Gariidae by the presence of the broad posterior umbonal groove and the well-developed ridge dorsal to it, as well as by the concentric undulations over the center of the valve.” (Vokes, 1939, p. 94)
Geographic range.—Southern California.
Geologic range.—Eocene.
Occurrence in California.—Eocene: Avenal Sandstone (Keen and Bentson, 1944).
Gari (Gobraeus) cowlitzensis (Weaver and Palmer), pl. 9, fig. 8 Plate 9; Plate 9 captions
Psammobia cowlitzensis Weaver and Palmer, 1922, p. 22, pl. 9, fig. 18.
Gari cowlitzensis (Weaver and Palmer), 1922. Weaver, 1943, p. 215-216, pl. 49, fig. 16.
Original description.—“Shell large and oblong in shape; inequilateral; anterior end shorter, convex; anterior dorsal margin sloping; shell rounded at both ends; posterior end broader, concave above; line of the escutcheon straight, slightly oblique; shell thin; pallial sinus large, rounded in front, reaching beyond the middle of the shell; ventral margin straight; sculpture unknown except for concentric lines of growth. Dimensions.—Length 53 mm.; height 28 mm.; thickness 12 mm.”
Holotype.—UW 176.
Type locality.—UW 329. North bank of Cowlitz River at, and extending several hundred feet below, the bend in the river, two miles east of Vader, Lewis County, sec. 28, T. 11 N., R. 2 W., Washington.
Comparison.—“***closely related to G. Hornii (Gabb) but is more inequilateral and is higher in proportion to the length.” (Weaver, 1943, p. 215)
Geographic range.—Washington, southern California.
Geologic range.—Eocene.
Occurrence in California.—Eocene: Lodo Formation (Stewart, 1946)
Gari (Gobraeus) californica (Conrad), pl. 9, fig. 9 Plate 9; Plate 9 captions
Psammobia californica Conrad, 1837, pl. 19. Conrad, 1849a, p. 121. I.S. Oldroyd, 1924, p. 185, pl. 43, fig. 5.
Gari californica (Conrad). Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 382.
Gari (Gobraeus) californica (Conrad, 1849). Coan, 1973, p. 42-43, figs. 1, 20. Coan, 2000, p. 3, 6-7, figs.1-4, 19. Coan, Scott, and Bernard, 2000, p. 426, pl. 89.
Original description.—
Holotype.—BM(NH) 1861.5.20.88 also the lectotype (Palmer, 1958, p. 113) and of Psammobia rubroradiata (Coan, 2000, p. 3).
Type locality.—Presumably from California (Coan, 1973, p. 42).
Supplementary description.—“Shell subquadrate, inflated, heavy, with sloping dorsal margin. Sculpture of irregular commarginal undulations” (Coan, Scott, and Bernard, 2000, p. 426)
“Shell elliptical***moderately inflated***equivalve, with narrow gapes anteroventrally and posteriorly. Valves moderately heavy. Beaks at 36-43% from anterior end. Anterior end sharply rounded. Posterior end vertically subtruncate. Surface with moderate to heavy commarginal growth lines.
“Interior radial thickenings medial to adductor scars heavy. Pallial sinus broad, reaching to under beaks or slightly beyond them, its ventral margin merged with pallial line for 70-82% of sinus length. Pallial line not turned ventrally at its posterior end.
“Nymphs heavy, 21-25% of shell length. Right valve with a moderate, projecting anterior cardinal and a narrow posterior cardinal. Left valve with a moderate, nearly vertical anterior cardinal and a very narrow posterior cardinal. Length to 141.0 mm.” (Coan, 2000, p. 6)
Comparison.—“The Panamic Gari maxima (Deshayes, 1855) differs in being broader and proportionately longer posteriorly.” (Coan, Scott, and Bernard, 2000, p.. 426)
Geographic range.—Living: Alaska to Baja California Sur; fossil: southern California.
Geologic range.—Miocene to Holocene.
Occurrence in California.—Miocene and Pliocene: Towlsey Formation (Kern, 1973); Pliocene: Careaga Sandstone (Woodring in Woodring and Bramlett, 1951) and Lomita Marl (Clark in Natland, 1957); Pliocene and Pleistocene: Fernando (Soper and Grant, 1932), Pico (Soper and Grant, 1932), and San Pedro (T.S. Oldroyd, 1924) Formations; Pleistocene: unnamed strata southern California (Kanakoff and Emerson, 1959).
Habitat.—In the low intertidal zone to 280 m, in sand or gravel.
Gari (Gobraeus) fucata (Hinds), pl. 10, fig. 1 Plate 10; Plate 10 captions
Tellina fucata Hinds, 1845, p. 67.
Gari (Gobraeus) fucata (Hinds). Coan, Scott, and Bernard, 2000, p. 426, pl. 89. Coan, 2000, p. 7, 9, figs. 5-7, 20.
?Siliquaria edentula Gabb, 1869, p. 53, 89, pl. 15, fig. 11.
Gari edentula (Gabb). Stewart, 1930, p. 281-282, pl. 13, fig. 3.
Gari (Gobraeus) edentula (Gabb, 1869). Coan, 1973, p. 43-45, figs. 2-5, 21.
Original description.—
Lectotype.—ANSP 15035 (edentula) Stewart, 1930, p. 281); BM(NH) 97.2.26.192 holotype of fucata (Coan, 1973, p. 43).
Type locality.—San Fernando, Los Angeles County, Calif. (edentula); Bahía Magdalena, Baja California Sur (fucata).
Supplementary description.—“Shell elliptical, compressed, thin, dorsal margin nearly straight. Sculpture of feeble commarginal lirae, small specimens with raised lamellae posteriorly. ***Ligament long, prominent. Length to 140 mm.” (Coan, Scott, and Bernard, 2000, p. 426)
“Shell elongate***moderately inflated***subequivalve, with narrow anteroventral gape and moderate posterior gape. Valves thin. Beaks at approximately 38-43% from anterior end. Anterior end sharply rounded. Posterior end obliquely subtruncate. Surface with weak commarginal striae, strongest on ends.
“Interior radial thickenings medial to adductor muscle scars conspicuous. Pallial sinus reaching to just under beaks, its ventral margin merged with pallial line for 85–95% of its length.
“Nymphs of moderate thickness, approximately 21–23% of shell length. Right valve with narrow projecting anterior and posterior cardinal teeth. Left valve with a narrow, very projecting, slightly posteriorly directed anterior cardinal and a very narrow posterior cardinal tooth. Length to 139.8 mm.” (Coan, 2000, p. 8-9)
Geographic range.—Living: southern California to Baja California Sur; fossil: southern California.
Geologic range.—Miocene to Holocene.
Occurrence in California.—Miocene: Santa Margarita Formation (Adegoke, 1969); Miocene and Pliocene: Etchegoin (Adegoke, 1969), San Diego (Hertlein and Grant, 1972), and Towsley (Kern, 1973) Formations; Pliocene: Niguel Formation (J.G. Vedder, written commun., 1978); Pliocene and Pleistocene: Fernando (Pressler, 1929), Pico (Winterer and Durham, 1962), San Pedro (Arnold, 1903), Santa Barbara (Coan, 2000), and Saugus (Groves, 1991) Formations; Pleistocene: Anchor Silt (Rodda, 1957), Palos Verdes Sand (Valentine, 1956), and unnamed sediments southern California (Kanakoff and Emerson, 1959).
Habitat.—From 5 to 137 m, in sand (Coan, Scott, and Bernard, 2000, p. 426).
Sanguinolaria Lamarck, 1799, is not present in the northeastern Pacific. (Coan, Scott, and Bernard, 2000, p. 428)
Genus Nuttallia Dall, 1898
“Shell large, ovate, compressed, thin. ***Posterior gape large. Hinge plate weak; posterior cardinal tooth obsolete in left valve. Ligament external. Pallial sinus detached.” (Coan, Scott, and Bernard, 2000, p. 428)
Geographic range.—Living: eastern Asia–western North America; fossil: California.
Geologic range.—Oligocene to Holocene.
Nuttallia howardi (Dickerson), pl.10, fig.
2 Plate 10; Plate 10 captions
Tellina howardi Dickerson, 1915, p. 55, pl. 4, figs. 2a, 2b. Anderson and Hanna, 1925, p. 153.
Sanguinolaria howardi (Dickerson). Turner, 1938, p. 62, pl. 8, fig. 2. Weaver, 1943, p. 219-220, pl. 50, fig. 11.
Original description.—”Shell large, oval, compressed; beak anterior of center; anterior and posterior dorsal margins nearly straight sloping gently; anterior end rounded more broadly than posterior; ventral margin with very great curvature. This is the largest Tellina in the Tejon-Eocene.”
Holotype.—CAS 271.
Type locality.—CAS 244. In east bank of Live Oak Creek, 3/4 mile from mouth, 3 miles due east of mouth of Grapevine Canyon, Tejon Quad., Kern Co., Calif. Tejon Formation.
Comparison.—Tellina howardi “is shorter, and the angle at the beak is less than in Psammobia hornii, which is the only species with which it is likely to be confused.” (Anderson and Hanna, 1925, p. 153.
“In general outline the species [howardi] somewhat resembles S. [anguinolaria] townsendensis Clark from the Oligocene of Port Townsend Bay. It differs in that the anterior end is more narrowly rounded and the anterior dorsal margin slopes down at a larger angle and evenly rounds into the anterior margin.” (Weaver, 1943, p. 220)
Geographic range.—Washington and southern California.
Geologic range.—Eocene.
Occurrence in California.—Eocene: Tejon Formation (Dickerson, 1915).
Nuttallia alata (Gabb), pl. 10, fig. 3 Plate 10; Plate 10 captions
Gari (Psammocola) alata Gabb, 1866, p. 21, pl. 5, fig. 36.
Sanguinolaria alata Gabb. Clark, 1915, p. 476, pl. 61, fig. 14; pl. 62, fig. 5.
Nuttallia alata (Gabb). Roth and Guruswami-Naidu, 1978, p. 65.
Original description.—
Holotype.—Missing.
Type locality.—East end of Kirker’s Pass, Contra Costa County, Calif.
Supplementary description.—“Shell oval, equivalved, inequilateral, compressed; beaks inconspicuous; nymph plates very prominent; beaks slightly anterior to the middle of the shell. Anterior dorsal edge straight; anterior end evenly rounded; posterior dorsal edge longer than anterior and slightly concave and straight; base evenly and gently arcuate; posterior end evenly rounded. A very strong nymph plate on each valve extending over two-thirds the length of the posterior dorsal edge with a marked longitudinal groove on each, running along their entire length. Two cardinal teeth in each valve, anterior cardinals more prominent than posterior; anterior cardinal of left valve bifid, posterior cardinal elongate, not so high and slanting obliquely toward the rear; anterior cardinal of right valve not bifid, posterior cardinal elongate and bifid.” (Clark, 1915, p. 476)
Comparison.—“S. alata differs from S. nuttallii Conrad***as follows: the shell differs in outline; it is equivalved, while S. nuttalli is inequivalved; the nymph plate is longer and more conspicuous.” (Clark, 1915, p. 476)
Geographic range.—Middle California.
Geologic range.—Miocene.
Occurrence in California.—Miocene: San Pablo Formation (Arnold, 1906; Clark, 1915).
Nuttallia salina Roth and Guruswami-Naidu, pl. 10, fig. 4 Plate 10; Plate 10 captions
Nuttallia salina Roth and Guruswami-Naidu, 1978, p. 61-66, text figs. 1a-d, f; 2a-b.
Diagnosis.—“A small, stout, thick-shelled Nuttalia, high in proportion to length, with subcentral beaks, wide hinge plate, large cardinal teeth, and impressed adductor muscle scars.”
Original description.—“Shell small for the genus, solid, convex; subequivalve, broadly and evenly rounded anteriorly, posterior end bluntly wedge-shaped; beaks immediately anterior to midline; hinge line straight in dorsal view for most of its length, curving to the right near anterior end; narrow siphonal gape present; external surface unsculptured except for raised incremental lines of varying strength. Right valve most inflated below beak, with radial angulations slightly below both dorsal margins, posterior angulation the more marked; beak prominent, elevated; hinge plate wide, massive anterior and posterior to beak, with two cardinal teeth separated by a triangular indentation; anterior tooth narrow, laminar (almost obsolete on holotype), posterior tooth larger and bifid; anterior dorsal margin convex, expanded immediately in front of beak; posterior dorsal margin concave, with a broad proximal escutcheon giving rise to a short, solid, broad-topped ligamental nymph (broken on holotype), as high as beak anteriorly; pallial sinus long, moderately narrow, extending anteriorly 2/3 the distance between midline and ventral end of anterior adductor muscle scar, recurving before intersecting pallial line anterior to beak at an acute angle; shell much thickened internally above the pallial sinus; adductor muscle scars large, deeply impressed; with three low, broad, divergent internal ribs (best seen by low-angle light) extending ventrally from hinge plate 1)immediately behind anterior adductor muscle scar, 2) slightly anterior to midline, and 3) immediately before posterior muscle scar. Left valve similar to right but slightly more inflated, with a shallow radial sulcus extending outward just below the blunt posterior radial angulation; hinge plate massive, with two diverging cardinal teeth separated by a triangular gap, the anterior tooth larger and bifid; escutcheon narrower than on right valve, bearing a matching nymph; pallial sinus broader than that of right valve and not quite so deep; muscle scars approximately like those of right valve, internal ribs less clearly defined.”
Holotype.—USNM 242417.
Type locality.—U.S.G.S. M2283. East side of road from Lynch Canyon to abandoned well location, 701.1 m S, 670.7 m E of NW cor. Sec. 8, T. 22 S., R. 11 E., San Ardo 15-minute Quad., Monterey County, Calif.
Comparison.—“Nuttallia salina is smaller, thicker shelled, more equivalve, and narrower posteriorly than***Nuttallia nuttallii. Nuttallia jamesi Roth and Guruswami-Naidu, 1974, is thin shelled, more sharply acuminate posteriorly than N. salina, and has a hinge line which is markedly sinuous in dorsal view.
“The new species [N. salina] differs from N. japonica in having a much more thickened shell, broader hinge plate, deeper pallial sinus, longer nymph, and more deeply indented escutcheon.” (Roth and Guruswami-Naidu, 1978, p. 63-64)
Geographic range.—Southern California.
Geologic range.—Miocene.
Occurrence in California.—Pancho Rico Formation (Roth and Guruswami-Naidu, 1978).
Nuttallia toulai (Hertlein and Jordan), pl.10, fig. 5 Plate10; Plate 10 captions
Sanguinolaria toulai Hertlein and E.K. Jordan, 1927, p. 625, pl. 20, fig. 2.
Original description.—“Shell large, thin, fairly compressed, subovate, outline similar to S. nuttalii Conrad; ventral margin evenly rounded; beaks small, acute; nymph prominent; two prominent cardinal teeth in left valve; faint groove on anterior dorsal margin of left valve; valves elongated posteriorly ornamented by concentric lines of growth. Length (extreme ends of shell missing) 91.5 mm.; height 74.2 mm.”
Holotype.—SU(CAS)
Type locality.—Arroyo San Ignacio, 8 kilometers southwest of San Ignacio, Baja California Sur.
Supplementary description.—“S. toulai appears to lack any marked concavity on the anterior dorsal margins or any subangular line running from the beaks to the posterior end of the shell.”
Comparison.—“Sanguinolaria toulai is larger and rounder than S. nuttalii Conrad ***The right valve is more convex and less triangular at the beaks and both valves are apparently more nearly equally inflated than is the case in S. nuttalii.” (Hertlein and Jordan, p. 625)
Geographic range.—Baja California Sur.
Geologic range.—Miocene.
Occurrence in Baja California: Miocene: San Isidro Formation (Hertlein and Jordan, 1927)
Nuttallia nuttallii (Conrad), pl. 10, fig. 6 Plate 10; Plate 10 captions
Sanguinolaria nuttallii Conrad, 1837, p. 230, pl. 17, fig. 6. I.S. Oldroyd, 1924, p. 185, pl. 55, figs. 1, 4. Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 383, pl. 20, figs. 15a, b. Clark, 1915, pl. 61, fig. 15.
Sanguinolaria (Nuttallia) nuttallii Conrad. Arnold, 1903, p. 168.
Nuttallia nuttallii (Conrad). Coan, Scott, and Bernard, 2000, p. 429, pl. 89.
Sanguinolaria (Nuttallia) orcutti Dall, 1925, p. 17, 1921. Dall, 1925, p. 26, pl. 12, figs. 1, 2.
Original description.—“Shell subovate, thin, much compressed; posterior margin obliquely truncate; extremity angular; basal margin regularly arcuate; beaks small, distant from the anterior margin, slightly prominent, acute; ligament short and very prominent; nymphs very prominent; colour whitish, with purple zones and rays; epidermis polished, horn coloured, with paler spots and rays; cardinal teeth prominent, slender, fragile. Length, two and a half inches.”
Lectotype.—Of nuttallii BM(NH) 1966.302 (Coan, 1973, p. 48); holotype of orcutti USNM 333118.
Type locality.—Of nuttallii San Diego, Calif.; of orcutti Bahia San Quintín, Baja California Norte.
Supplementary description.—“Shell large, subovate, thin; right valve ventricose, left compressed; umbones small, distant from anterior margin, slightly prominent, acute; surface smooth, except for fine incremental lines; anterior dorsal margin sloping concavely; posterior end evenly rounded from beaks; anterior end more sharply rounded and much more produced; ventral margin evenly curved; cardinal teeth prominent, fragile; ligamental area prominently projecting beyond cardinal line.” (Arnold, 1903, p. 168)
“Shell thin ovate, longer posteriorly; left valve more inflated. ***Length to 150 mm.” (Coan, Scott, and Bernard, 2000, p. 429)
Geographic range.—Living: middle California to Baja California Sur; fossil: middle California to Baja California Norte.
Geologic range.—Miocene to Holocene.
Occurrence in the Californias.—Miocene: San Pablo Formation (Clark, 1915); Miocene and Pliocene: Etchegoin Formation (Clark, 1915); Pliocene and Plesitocene: San Pedro Formation (Arnold, 1903); Pleistocene: unnamed strata at Bahía San Quintín, Baja California Norte (Jordan, 1936).
[Last updated July 6, 2003.]
To title page of Tertiary Marine Pelecypods of California and Baja California
