To title page of Tertiary Marine Pelecypods of California and Baja California
[Please cite as follows: Moore, E.J., 2002, Family Solenidae, in Tertiary marine pelecypods of California and Baja California, Chapter F: http://www.cmug.com/~chintimp/Solenidae.htm, 9 p., 2 pl.]
Family SOLENIDAE
"Beaks terminal or nearly so; hinge with only one tooth in either valve***" (Moore, 1969, p. N610).
"Elongate, cylindrical, inequilateral, gaping at each end. *** Sculpture of feeble commarginal growth lines.***Ligament external, opisthodetic, parvincular, on a strong nymph. ***Pallial line with a small pallial sinus." (Coan, Scott, and Bernard, 2000, p. 443)
Genus SOLEN Linné, 1758
"Long, nearly straight; anterior margin truncate, smooth within; anterior adductor muscle scar elongate." (Moore, 1969, p. N611)
"Shell subcylindrical, inequilateral, gaping at both ends. Anterior end abruptly truncate. Umbones anterior. Surface smooth.***Ligament external, long. One cardinal tooth in each valve." (Coan, Scott, and Bernard, 2000, p. 444)
Comments.--According to Coan, Scott, and Bernard (2000, p. 444)"***the subgenus Solen, s.s., in which the dorsal and ventral margins are parallel and the anterior end is sharply truncate, is not now living in the northeastern Pacific."
Geographic range.--North America, Europe, Pacific.
Geologic range.--Eocene to Holocene.
Subgenus ENSISOLEN Habe, 1977
"Dorsal and ventral margins not strictly parallel, as in Solen s.s., tapering pasteriorly; no furrow present parallel to anterior margin; posterior adductor muscle scar above pallial sinus united with its dorsal limb." (Coan, Scott, and Bernard, 2000, p. 444)
Geographic range.--Japan and North America.
Geologic range.--Miocene to Holocene.
Solen (Ensisolen) sicarius Gould
Plate 14, figures 1, 2; Plate 14; Plate 14 caption
Solen sicarius Gould, 1850, p. 214. Packard, 1918, p. 281, pl. 26, fig. 1. Oldroyd, 1924, p. 188, pl. 49, fig. 1, pl. 18, fig. 1. Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 385, pl. 21, fig. 4. Fitch, 1953, p. 77, fig. 43. Adegoke, 1969, p. 134. Hertlein and Grant, 1972, p. 308-309, pl. 49, fig. 7. Morris and others, 1980, p.385, fig. 15.63.
Solen (Ensisolen) sicarius A.A. Gould, 1850. Coan, Scott, and Bernard, p. 445, pl. 93.
Solena sicarius (Gould). Weaver, 1942, p. 229, pl. 53, fig. 16.
Original description.--"T. transversa, oblonga, retrorsum angustata, subfalcata, epidermide crasso, nitido, corneo induta anticè obliquè truncata, posticè rotundata: valvis valdè excavatis, undulatis, areis triangularibus indistinctè partitis; margine dorsali recto; m. ventrali arcuato; natibus terminalibus: cardo dente triangulari, erecto, recurvo in utrâque valvâ instructa. Long. 3 1/2; lat. 7/20; alt. 9/10 poll."
Holotype.--USNM 11876.
Type locality.--"Hab. Straits of De Fuca, Oregon [Washington]."
Supplementary description.--"Shell thick, solid, short for genus; dorsal margin straight to slightly concave. Anterior end of pallial line not greatly produced anteroventrally.***Length to 103 mm." (Coan, Scott, and Bernard, 2000, p. 445)
Comparison.--"The shell of this species [sicarius] differs from that of Solen rosaceus in the larger size, gently arcuate rather than straight dorsal margin***
"Solen perrini Clark, described from strata of late Miocene age, has a straight dorsal margin similar to that of S. rosaceus, but the flexure on the anterior end is more pronounced than on S. sicarius." (Hertlein and Grant, 1972, p. 309)
Occurrence in the Californias.--Miocene: Briones, Santa Margarita, and San Pablo Formations (Grant and Gale, 1982) and Cierbo and Neroly Sandstones, San Pablo Group (Weaver, 1949; Hall, 1960); Miocene and Pliocene: Etchegoin (Adegoke, 1969), San Joaquin (Adegoke, 1969), Tahana Member, Purisima (Addicott, 1969), and Towsley Formations (Kern, 1973); Pliocene: Ohlson Ranch Formation (Peck, 1960); Pliocene and Pleistocene: Merced (Dickerson, 1922; Weaver, 1949; Yancey, 1978), Rio Dell (Faustman, 1964), and Saugus (Givens, 1991) Formations; Pleistocene: unnamed strata at Potrero Canyon (Valentine, 1956) and at Newport Bay (Kanakoff and Emerson, 1959), California, and in Baja California Norte (Jordan, 1926) and Baja California Sur (Jordan, 1924).
Habitat.--"Littoral zone to 124 m, burrowing in mud or muddy sand to a depth of 15 to 20 inches [38 to 50 cm] in bays, estuaries , and sloughs." (Hertlein and Grant, 1972, p. 308)
"Uncommon, burrowing in firm sediments in sheltered bays, especially in beds of the broad-leafed eelgrass Zostera, low intertidal and shallow subtidal waters***
"This clam [sicarius] forms a permanent vertical burrow 30-35 cm deep, in which it can move up and down rapidly." (Morris and others, 1980, p. 385) "In the mid and lower intertidal zone, in sand and mud of sheltered bays, frequently in Zostera beds."e; (Coan, Scott, and Bernard, 2000, p. 445)
Living British Columbia to Baja California Norte.
Solen (Ensisolen) rosaceus Carpenter
Plate 14, figures 3, 4; Plate 14; Plate 14 caption
Solen sicarius ? var. rosaceus Carpenter, 1864, p.
Solen rosaceus Carpenter. Dall, 1874, p. 296. Fitch, 1953, p. 76, fig. 42. Palmer, 1958, p. 114. Hertlein and Grant, 1972, p. 308, pl. 48, fig. 12. Morris and others, 1980, p. 385, fig. 15.62.
Original description.--"Straight, narrower, longer, smaller; glossy, rosy."
Holotype.--Missing and presumed lost. (Palmer, 1958, p. 114)
Type locality.--Santa Barbara or San Pedro Calif. (Palmer, 1958, p. 114)
Supplementary description.--"Shell to 75 mm long, thin, fragile, elongate, tubular, with dorsal margin straight and beaks very close to anterior end; anterior margin of shell bluntly rounded,***posterior end tapered and rounded***"(Morris and others, 1980, p.385)
Comparison.--"The shell of Solen rosaceus differs from that of S. sicarius Gould in that it is longer in proportion to the height and also in that the dorsal margin is straight rather than distinctly arcuate in outline.
"It appears probable that records of this species from Miocene strata are referable to Solen perrini Clark. That species has a straight dorsal margin but has a thicker shell which also is much higher in proportion to the length than that of S. rosaceus." (Hertlein and Grant, 1972, p. 308)
Note: According to Coan, Scott, and Bernard (2000, p. 444) S. sicarius roseaceus Carpenter, 1864, is a synonym of Solen(Ensisolen) rostriformis Dunbar, 1862.
Occurrence in the Californias.--Pliocene: San Diego Formation (Grant and Gale, 1972); Pliocene and Pleistocene: Fernando (Eldridge and Arnold, 1907), Merced (Fahy, 1974), and San Pedro (Arnold, 1903) Formations and Wildcat Group (Faustman, 1964); Pleistocene: Unnamed strata in southern California (Kanakoff and Emerson, 1959) and Baja California Norte (Jordan, 1926).
Habitat.--Intertidal zone to 46 m (Hertlein and Grant, 1972). "In burrows to 30 cm deep, low intertidal zone in sandy mud in protected bays***This clam occupies a permanent burrow." (Morris and others, 1980, p. 385)
Living middle to southern California.
Genus SOLEN?
Solen? domenginicus Vokes
Plate 14, figure 7; Plate 14; Plate 14 caption
Solen(?) domenginicus Vokes, 1939, p. 95, pl. 15, figs. 3, 4.
Original description.--"Shell straight, rather heavy; anterior end sharply truncated with a narrow, shallow groove parallel with and close to the anterior end; growth-lines indicating a broadly rounded posterior end; dorsal margin posterior to the hinge, and ligamental area flaring out to form a flange-like projection which rounds posteriorly to the posterior end of the valve; ligamental area extending from the extremely anteriorly placed cardinal tooth to the beginning of the flange; surface smooth."
Holotype.--UCMP 15711.
Type locality.--UC A-1167. Coalinga Quadrangle, top hill due north of marker for SW cor. sec. 26., T. 20 S., R. 14 E [Fresno County], Calif. Domengine Formation, Eocene.
Comparison.--"This species may be distinguished by the presence of the posterior dorsal flange-like projection which appears to be unique among the Solenidae. This is the largest Solen described from the West Coast Eocene deposits. The growth-lines suggest that when complete the specimen was probably 100 millimeters in length." (Vokes, 1939, p. 95)
Geographic range.--Middle California.
Geologic range.--Eocene.
Occurrence in California.--Eocene: Domengine Formation (Vokes, 1919).
Genus SOLENA Mörch, 1853
"Anterior end somewhat produced beyond beaks, obliquely truncate; anterior adductor scar short." (Moore, 1969, p. N611)
Geographic range.--Asia, Europe, America.
Geologic range.--Eocene to Holocene.
Subgenus SOLENA
"Anterior margin thickened within, smooth outside." (Moore, 1969, p. N611)
Geographic range.--Eastern Asia, Europe, America.
Geologic range.--Eocene to Holocene.
Solena (Solena) diegoensis (Gabb)
Solen (Solena) diegoensis Gabb, 1864, p. 213, pl. 32, fig. 280; 1869, p. 176.
Original description.--"Shell thick, subconvex; cardinal and basal margins nearly parallel; beaks placed near the anterior end; ends gaping; anterior end somewhat dilated; base straight. Surface marked by rather distinct lines of growth."
Holotype.--Missing and presumed lost.
Type locality.--San Diego, San Diego County, Calif. Eocene(?)
Geographic range.--Southern California.
Geologic range.--Eocene.
Occurrence in California.--Eocene: Tejon Formation (Arnold, 1906).
Subgenus PLECTOSOLEN Conrad, 1866
"Dorsal margin slightly curved, anterior end rounded, set off by furrow." (Moore, 1969, p. N611)
Geographic range.--Europe, western North America.
Geologic range.--Eocene to Miocene(?)
Solena (Plectosolen) parallelus (Gabb)
Solen parallelus Gabb, 1864, p. 146, pl. 22, fig. 117. Anderson and GD. Hanna, 1925, p. 147-148. Stewart, 1930, p. 291-292, pl. 7, fig. 1. Vokes, 1939, p. 94-95, pl. 15, figs. 6, 7.
Original description.--"Shell elongated, slender, thin; sides parallel, ends rounded; anterior end somewhat more abruptly truncated than the posterior, and slightly reflected. Surface marked by a few irregular lines of growth."
Lectotype.--ANSP 4481 (Stewart, 1930).
Type locality.--"Bull's Head Point, near Martinez", [Contra Costa County, Calif.]. Tejon Formation, Eocene.
Supplementary description.--"The specimen here figured corresponds to the size given for the original and is taken for the lectotype. It is not well preserved but the original figure is believed to be a synthetograph. The shell has been broken away from the anterior end so that the nature of the furrow cannot be observed. The internal cast shows the anterior end to have been slightly constricted and the edge flaring, and there is just a faint suggestion of a diagonal furrow." (Stewart, 1930, p. 291)
Occurrence in California.--Paleocene: Martinez Formation (Arnold, 1906); Eocene: Avenal (Anderson, 1905), and Tejon (Stewart, 1930) Formations.
Solena (Plectosolen) gravidus gravidus (Clark)
Plate 13, figure 6; Plate 13; Plate 13 caption
Solen gravidus Clark, 1918, p. 156-157, pl. 10, fig. 7. Adegoke, 1969, p. 133-134.
Original description.--"Shell large and rather heavy. Posterior dorsal and ventral edges straight and parallel with each other. Posterior end regularly rounded; anterior end regularly and gently rounded, with highest point of convexity a little below the middle. Shell subangulate at junction of anterior dorsal and ventral edges. In the right valve there is a heavy, bifid, deltoid cardinal; in the left valve the cardinal is heavy and elongate, with the highest point anterior, sloping down rapidly posteriorly. On surface near anterior end there is a narrow, shallow groove or sinus which slants obliquely from beaks to anterior end of ventral edge; the margin between this sinus and the anterior dorsal edge is somewhat variable in width on different specimens; the sinus is also variable in depth. Anterior end of shell thickened internally just back of anterior dorsal edge and in front of sinus."
Holotype.--UCMP 11133.
Type locality.--UC 1131. San Ramon Formation, Miocene(?). Contra Costa County.
Comparison.--"S. gravidus differs from S. rosaceus in that it is heavier; it has a different proportion of height to length, and the anterior end is less oblique; the cardinals of the two species are quite different.
"S. gravidus differs from S. perrini in the following respects: the anterior end is not so oblique, being more regularly rounded; there is usually more of a margin in front of the sinus on the anterior end.
"S. gravidus is very similar in outline to S. parallelus. It differs from this species in that the anterior end is not so obliquely truncated and the anterior margin not so strongly depressed." (Clark, 1918, p. 156)
Occurrence in California.--Eocene and Oligocene: San Lorenzo Formation (Loel and Corey, 1932); Oligocene and Miocene: Temblor Formation (Adegoke, 1969); Miocene: Monterey Group (Weaver, 1949); Miocene(?): San Ramon Formation (Clark, 1918; Weaver, 1949).
Solena (Plectosolen) gravidus baileyi (Loel and Corey)
Plate 13, figure 1; Plate 13; Plate 13 caption
Solen gravidus (Clark), baileyi Loel and Corey, 1932, p. 230, pl. 44, figs. 5, 6.
Original description.--"Shell large, elongate, margins parallel, differs mainly from S. gravidus Clark (1918), in its more evenly rounded extremities and in its very nearly perpendicular posterior groove, which is usually deeper."
Holotype.--UCMP 31831.
Type locality.--UC A-244. Ventura County, Calif. Vaqueros Formation, Oligocene and Miocene.
Occurrence in California.--Oligocene and Miocene: Vaqueros Formation (Loel and Corey, 1932).
Solena (Plectosolen) conradi (Dall)
Plate 14, figure 7; Plate 14; Plate 14 caption
Solen curtus Conrad, 1848, p. 433, fig. 14. Weaver, 1942, p. 226-227. Not Solen curtus Des Moulins, 1832.
Solen conradi Dall, 1900, p. 953, new name. Moore, 1963, p. 82, pl. 23, fig. 11.
Original description.--"Slightly curved, short, convex, equally wide at the extremities; anterior margin very obliquely truncated, reflected, rounded toward the base; posterior extremity truncated, slightly oblique."
Holotype.--ANSP 4526.
Type locality.--Astoria, Oregon. Astoria Formation, Miocene.
Supplementary description.--"Solen curtus is a much smaller form than the ordinary Solen; the anterior end is obliquely rounded and the posterior dorsal margin is slightly concave similar to S. sicareus Gould***" (Clark, 1918, p. 155)
"The type of Solen curtus is small and has been broken in the middle and glued back together. The type does not show the rather strongly curved dorsal margin of Conrad's original illustration, having instead an almost straight dorsal margin. Almost all of the shell is missing except a small part along the ventral margin." (Moore, 1963, p. 82)
Occurrence in California.--Oligocene and Miocene: Temblor Formation (Clark, 1918); Miocene(?): San Ramon Formation (Clark, 1918; Weaver, 1949).
Subgenus EOSOLEN Stewart, 1930
"With external oblique groove near anterior end." (Moore, 1969, p. N611)
Geographic range.--Europe and North America.
Geologic range.--Eocene and Oligocene.
Solena (Eosolen) stantoni (Weaver)
Plate 13, figures 4, 5, 7; Plate 13; Plate 13 caption
Solen stantoni Weaver, 1905, p. 116, pl. 12, fig. 1. Dickerson, 1914, pl.12, fig.3; 1916, p. 372. Clark, 1918, p. 289.
Solena (Eosolen) stantoni (Weaver) Zinsmeister, 1973, pl. 1, fig. 18. Squires and Kennedy, 1998, p. 163, 165-166, figs. 11,12.
Not Solen (Plectosolen) stantoni Weaver. Clark and Woodford, 1927, p. 103-104, pl. 18, fig. 10=?Solena (Eosolen) subverticala Vokes, 1939.
Original description.--"The shell is thin, elongated and moderately convex. The cardinal and basal margins are nearly parallel. The beaks are anterior. The base is straight and the ends somewhat rounded. The posterior end is more abruptly truncated than the anterior. The surface is marked by faint concentric lines of growth. Passing down from the beak to the base of the anterior margin there is on each side a deep, sharp constriction which is nearly at right angles to the hinge line."
Holotype.--UCMP 11941.
Type locality.--UC 532. "Between Martinez and Walnut Creek at mouth of Vaca Canyon, Concord quad., Contra Costa Co.", Calif. Meganos Formation, Paleocene.
Occurrence in California.--Paleocene: Martinez (Arnold, 1906; Dickerson, 1914) Formation; Paleocene and Eocene: Meganos (Clark and Woodford, 1927) and Santa Susana (Clark and Woodford, 1927; Squires and Kennedy, 1998) Formations.
Solena (Eosolen) subverticala Vokes
Plate 13, figure 2; Plate 13; Plate 13 caption
Solena (Eosolen) subverticala Vokes, 1939, p. 96-97, pl. 15, fig. 8. Givens, 1974, p. 50.
Original description.--"Shell small, thin, elongate, gaping, ornamented by lines of growth; dorsal and ventral margins parallel, the dorsal sightly concave immediately behind the beaks; anterior end produced, rounded, separated from the rest of the shell by a conspicuous umbonal furrow set at an angle of 105 degrees to the dorsal margin; anterior side of the furrow bounded by a low ridge, and anterior to this a second shallow groove."
Holotype.--UCMP 15713.
Type locality.--UC A-816. Kings County, Calif. Avenal Sandstone, Eocene.
Comparison.--"S. subverticala may be distinguished from S. coosensis Turner, S. novacularis (Anderson & Hanna) and S. columbiana (Weaver & Palmer) by its smaller size, more rounded anterior end, and more vertical umbonal groove which, in these species, is set at angles ranging from 122 to 132 degrees to the dorsal margin of the valve. S. stantoni (Weaver) resembles this species in size, but the valve is curved dorsally The specimens figured by Clark & Woodford (1927: 103. pl. 18, f. 9, 10) as S. stantoni appear to be closely related to S. subverticala." (Vokes, 1939, p. 96-97)
Occurrence in California.--Eocene: Avenal Sandstone (Keen and Bentson, 1944) and Juncal Formation (Givens, 1974).
Solena (Eosolen) lorenzanus (Wagner and Schilling)
Plate 13, figures 9, 10; Plate 13; Plate 13 caption
Solen lorenzana Wagner and Schilling, 1923, p. 256, pl. 47, fig. 1.
Solen lorenzanus Wagner and Schilling. Keen and Bentson, 1944, p. 107.
Original description.--"Shell fairly long; heavy; convex, sloping at an angle of 135° from dorsal margin; a prominent groove extends from the beaks to the angle between the ventral edge and the anterior extremity; separated from anterior edge by fairly wide space; posterior extremity truncated at an angle of 90° to dorsal margin; only very slightly convex; dorsal and ventral angles at posterior extremity sharply rounded; shell covered by strong growth lines. Dimensions: length, 122 mm.; height, 24 mm.; convexity 19 mm."
Holotype.--UCMP 11421.
Type locality.--UC 3212. Hillside east of Muddy Creek, Mt. Pinos Quadrangle, Kern County, Calif. San Emigdio Formation, Eocene.
Comparison.--"S. lincolnensis Weaver, which is most closely allied to this form [lorenzana], is truncated less obliquely at the anterior end and more broadly rounded at the posterior end. The groove is less prominent and is closer to the anterior edge. It is also a shorter form." (Wagner and Schilling, 1923, p. 256)
Comments.--Keen and Bentson (1944, p. 107) correctly stated that Solen lorenzana should be emended to S. lorenzanus.
Occurrence in California.--Eocene: San Emigdio Formation (Wagner and Schilling, 1923).
Solena (Eosolen) novacularis (Anderson and GD. Hanna)
Plate 14, figures 8, 9; Plate 14; Plate 14 caption
Solen novacula Anderson and GD. Hanna, 1925, p. 131, pl. 6, fig. 9. M.A. Hanna, 1927, p. 294, pl. 43, fig. 1.
Solen novacularis Anderson and GD. Hanna, 1928, p. 65. New Name for Solen novacula Anderson and GD. Hanna, preoccupied.
Solena (Eosolen) novacularis (Anderson and Hanna, 1928). Squires, 1984, p. 50, fig. 12d. Squires, 1987, p. 67-68, fig. 115.
Original description.--"Shell large, elongated, thick; sides parallel; ends cut squarely, or only slightly rounded; anterior end bearing a strong constriction, deeply impressed, but not terminal; posterior end of valves slightly diverging in most specimens; hinge margin straight, with hinge near anterior end; surface of shell marked by irregular growth lines, concentric to the margins."
Holotype.--CAS 882; (CAS 792.01, new number).
Type locality.--CAS 792. "***in Tecuya Creek, Kern County, California, about 1000 feet [305 m] or less above the base of the beds; Type Tejon Eocene."
Comparison.--"This species differs from S. parallelus, in its larger size, thicker form and shell, and squarely cut ends. The constriction which is not terminal, is not shown in Gabb's form, and the growth lines which are squarely turned contrast with the rounded ones seen on the other species." (Anderson and GD. Hanna, 1925, p. 131).
Occurrence in California.--Eocene: Delmar and Domengine (M.A. Hanna, 1927) and Juncal (Squires, 1987) Formations, Rose Canyon Shale (Keen and Bentson, 1944), and Tejon Formation (Anderson and Hanna, 1925).
Solena (Eosolen) perrini (Clark)
Plate 13, figure 3; Plate 13; Plate 13 caption
Solen perrini Clark, 1915, p. 477-478, pl. 44, fig. 2. Nomland, 1917, p. 301. Woodring and others, 1940, pl. 8, fig. 9; pl 24, fig. 1. Adegoke, 1969, p. 134.
Solen sicarius Conrad var. perrini Clark. Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 386.
Original description.--"Shell straight, rather heavy; posterior extremity broadly rounded, anterior extremity truncated, the margin of which joins the posterior dorsal edge at an angle of a little more than 90°; well-defined groove or flexure parallel and close to the anterior dorsal edge. (This flexure on some specimens is more pronounced than on others.)"
Holotype.--UCMP 11564.
Type locality.--UC 1478. Southeast of Walnut Creek, Concord Quad., Contra Costa County, Calif. San Pablo Formation, Miocene.
Supplementary description.--This species [perrini] sometimes has a length of six to eight inches and a height of from one inch to one and one-half inches." (Clark, 1915, p. 478)
Comparison.--"It [perrini] differs from S. sicareus Gould in that both the posterior dorsal edge and the ventral edge are straight. S. sicareus shows a slight concavity along the posterior dorsal edge, while the ventral edge is slightly convex. Also S. sicareus has very little, if any, flexture on the anterior end. S. perrini resembles S. rosaceus more closely than S. sicareus. It differs in that it is a heavier shell; and it is higher in proportion to its length." (Clark, 1915, p. 478)
Occurrence in California.--Oligocene and Miocene: Temblor Formation (Adegoke, 1969); Miocene: Briones, San Pablo, and Santa Margarita Formations (Clark, 1915; Woodring and others, 1940; Adegoke, 1969), Cierbo and Neroly Sandstones, San Pablo Group (Weaver, 1949; Hall, 1960), Castaic (Stanton, 1966), McLure Shale Member, Monterey Formation (Adegoke, 1969), Orinda Formation, Contra Costa Group (Richey, 1943), Pancho Rico (Durham, 1966) and Topanga Formations (T. Susuki, written commun.,1978); Miocene and Pliocene: Etchegoin Formation (Nomland, 1917; Woodring and others, 1940; Adegoke, 1969); Pliocene: San Joaquin Formation (Adegoke, 1969).
Solena (Eosolen) coosensis (Turner)
Plate 13, figures 7, 8; Plate 13; Plate 13 caption
Solena (Eosolen) coosensis Turner, 1938, p. 62-63, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2. Vokes, 1939, p. 96, pl. 15, fig. 5. Givens, 1974, p. 49-50, pl. 2, fig. 1.
Solen novacula Anderson and GD. Hanna. M.A. Hanna, 1927, p. 294, pl. 43, fig. 1. Not Solen novacula Anderson and GD. Hanna, 1925.
Original description.--"Shell thin, elongate, gaping at both ends, ornamented by growth lines and fine diagonal lines converging ventrally between the anterior furrow and the locus of the posterior ventral angle; dorsal and ventral margins practically parallel; dorsal margin slightly concave immediately behind the beaks; posterior area separated from the remainder of the shell by a conspicuous umbonal furrow; usually a slight ridge immediately anterior to the furrow; fine radial lines may occasionally be observed on the anterior area which is semicircular in outline."
Holotype.--UCMP 33117.
Type locality.--UC A-704. "Approximately 450 feet [135 m] downstream from private bridge across Rock Creek a quarter of a mile [0.4 km] above old Roseburg-Coos Bay highway bridge, Coos County, Oregon. Tyee Formation, Eocene.
Supplementary description.--"Shell thin, elongate, gaping at both ends, ornamented by growth-lines and fine diagonal lines converging ventrally between the posterior furrow and the locus of the anterior ventral angle; dorsal and ventral margins practically parallel; dorsal margin slightly concave immediately in advance of the beaks; posterior area separated from the remainder of the shell by a conspicuous umbonal furrow; a slight ridge usually present immediately posterior to the furrow and fine radial lines occasionally seen on the posterior area which is semicircular in outline." (Vokes, 1939, p. 96)
Comparison.--"Distinguished from Solena columbiana (Weaver and Palmer) and "Solen novacula" Anderson and Hanna by the larger, rounded anterior area. The San Diego specimens figured by M.A. Hanna appear identical to the Oregon forms." (Turner, 1938, p. 63)
Occurrence in California.--Eocene: Avenal Sandstone (Keen and Bentson, 1944), Domengine (Vokes, 1939) and Juncal (Givens, 1974) Formations.
[Last updated June 28, 2002.]
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